About teenagers and college students additions
Limerence is a powerful psychological state often mistaken for love, but it is more accurately described as the brain’s obsessive fixation on another person. Driven by the brain’s reward system, limerence involves intense emotional highs, intrusive thoughts, and a deep craving for reciprocation. What makes it so compelling is not just the attraction itself, but … Read more
Independence is often praised as a defining trait of strength, self-discipline, and personal responsibility. However, in the context of addiction, independence can take on a more complex psychological meaning. What may appear as confidence and self-reliance can sometimes reflect deeper patterns of avoidance, denial, or difficulty trusting others. Many individuals struggling with addiction hold tightly … Read more
In addiction recovery, humor is often seen as a helpful coping tool that provides relief, connection, and a sense of lightness during difficult times. However, it can also function as a form of emotional avoidance. People may rely on jokes or sarcasm to avoid uncomfortable feelings such as shame, guilt, fear, or vulnerability. While this … Read more
Behavioral addiction is an increasingly common yet often unnoticed issue, embedded in everyday activities like gaming, social media, and shopping. What may begin as normal behavior can gradually turn compulsive, driven by the brain’s reward system and unmet emotional needs. Because these habits are widely accepted, many individuals fail to recognize the problem. To fully … Read more
Cocaine addiction is driven by complex changes in brain function that extend far beyond simple behavior or choice. One of the most important discoveries in addiction neuroscience is the role of a protein called ΔFosB (DeltaFosB), which accumulates in the brain’s reward system with repeated drug use. Acting as a transcription factor, ΔFosB alters gene … Read more
Opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy presents significant risks to both maternal and fetal health, including complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and overdose. As a result, pharmacotherapy—primarily with medications like methadone and buprenorphine—has become the standard of care for managing OUD in pregnant individuals. Rather than attempting abrupt cessation of opioid use, … Read more
PTSD and substance use disorders often co-occur, creating a cycle where trauma and addiction reinforce each other. While standard treatments help many, some individuals continue to struggle, leading to interest in alternatives like ibogaine. This psychoactive compound is being studied for its ability to reduce cravings and promote insight into trauma. Although still experimental and … Read more
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic and relapsing condition that requires effective, evidence-based treatment to reduce withdrawal symptoms, cravings, and the risk of overdose. Among the most widely used treatments are methadone, a long-established opioid agonist therapy, and slow-release oral morphine (SROM), an emerging alternative that offers a different pharmacological profile. Both medications aim … Read more
Methamphetamine use disorder is a chronic and multifaceted condition that profoundly impacts brain function, especially in regions involved in impulse control, decision-making, and reward processing. Unlike opioid use disorder, there are currently no widely approved medications specifically tailored to treat meth addiction, highlighting the need for new and innovative interventions. One promising approach is transcranial … Read more
Overwhelming anxiety can feel intense, disorienting, and difficult to control, often affecting both the mind and body at the same time. In these moments, thoughts may race, physical symptoms may escalate, and a sense of urgency or fear can take over. However, anxiety is a natural response—not a permanent state—and there are effective ways to … Read more