Betel nut, derived from the areca palm (Areca catechu), is one of the most widely used psychoactive substances globally, particularly in parts of South and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Often chewed alone or combined with betel leaf, slaked lime, and sometimes tobacco, it produces mild stimulant effects such as increased alertness, relaxation, and … Read more
In today’s constantly connected world, screens play a central role in daily life, but excessive use can resemble behavioral addiction, causing compulsive engagement, mood dependence, poor sleep, and reduced focus. Many people attempt a “screen detox” to regain balance, yet abruptly cutting back can lead to irritability, boredom, anxiety, and social disconnection. Understanding both the … Read more
President Ronald Reagan significantly intensified the War on Drugs during the 1980s by expanding federal law enforcement funding, strengthening penalties through mandatory minimum sentencing laws, and launching nationwide prevention campaigns that framed drug use and trafficking as urgent threats to public safety and national stability. His administration sought to deter drug activity through strict enforcement … Read more
Isolation and connection sit at the heart of addiction recovery. Addiction often pushes individuals into loneliness, secrecy, and emotional withdrawal, while recovery depends on rebuilding trust, belonging, and supportive relationships. Feelings of shame, fear, and stigma can make isolation feel safer than connection, especially in early recovery. Improving this balance requires intentional effort at multiple … Read more
Stigma and language play a powerful role in shaping addiction recovery experiences. Judgmental or blaming words can intensify shame, lower self-esteem, and discourage individuals from seeking treatment or being honest about their struggles, often increasing isolation during vulnerable moments. In contrast, respectful, person-first language promotes dignity, trust, and a sense of safety, encouraging openness and … Read more
Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs) are evidence-based and lifesaving for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), yet many people encounter significant barriers that limit access and retention. These barriers include stigma, transportation difficulties, financial constraints, regulatory requirements, fragmented healthcare systems, and emotional resistance rooted in fear or shame. When individuals are unable to engage consistently in … Read more
Foster care involvement related to opioid use disorder (OUD) represents one of the most complex intersections of public health and child welfare. When parental substance use leads to child removal, the focus must extend beyond crisis response toward coordinated recovery and family stabilization. Foster Care Opioid Treatment requires more than medication or court compliance—it demands … Read more
Gerald Ford assumed office at a pivotal moment in American drug policy, following President Nixon’s resignation. There is a growing national concern about substance misuse. He inherited the broader War on Drugs infrastructure that emphasized federal enforcement, centralized drug control agencies, and supply-reduction strategies. Rather than dismantling this framework, Ford adopted a cautious and pragmatic … Read more
Addiction is best understood through the combined influence of genetics and environment rather than one or the other alone. Genetic factors can increase vulnerability by shaping how the brain responds to reward, stress, and impulse control, while environmental influences—such as trauma, family dynamics, social exposure, and access to substances—determine how that vulnerability is expressed. Understanding … Read more
Dopamine plays a central role in addiction by shaping motivation, reward, and learning within the brain. Rather than simply producing pleasure, dopamine teaches the brain what to seek and repeat. In addition, substances and compulsive behaviors overstimulate this system, causing the brain to prioritize short-term rewards over long-term well-being. Over time, this leads to cravings, … Read more